Providing reliable and
efficient communication under fading channels is one of the major
technical challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially
in industrial WSNs (IWSNs) with dynamic and harsh environments. In
this work, we present the Reliable Reactive Routing Enhancement (R3E)
to increase the resilience to link dynamics for WSNs/IWSNs. R3E is
designed to enhance existing reactive routing protocols to provide
reliable and energy-efficient packet delivery against the unreliable
wireless links by utilizing the local path diversity. Specifically,
we introduce a biased backoff scheme during the route-discovery phase
to find a robust guide path, which can provide more cooperative
forwarding opportunities. Along this guide path, data packets are
greedily progressed toward the destination through nodes' cooperation
without utilizing the location information. Through extensive
simulations, we demonstrate that compared to other protocols, R3E
remarkably improves the packet delivery ratio, while maintaining high
energy efficiency and low delivery latency
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